The adoption of electric vehicles (EV) in India is poised to see a boost in adoption numbers driven by a rapidly expanding charging network, growth in battery swapping models and government policies such as the PM e-drive.
The respective sector demonstrated strong momentum in 2024, with total sales reaching nearly 1.95 million units across segments. Industry experts see this growth trajectory continuing into 2025, supported by expanding charging infrastructure, battery swapping networks and favorable government policies.
Alluding to the performance of the sector in 2024 ICRA Corporate Ratings Senior Vice President Srikumar Krishnamurthy said, “Electric vehicles in India continued to gain traction in 2024 supported by factors like government incentives, changing consumer needs new product launches, technological advancements, etc. Nevertheless, the EV penetration levels remain modest, particularly in cars and trucks, though adoption in two-wheelers and three-wheelers and buses is better. The government’s policy measures remain supportive; the PM e-drive scheme is expected to aid faster EV adoption apart from the development of the EV manufacturing ecosystem. While the transition is gradual, the EV sector holds promise as a cornerstone for sustainable mobility, with significant growth potential in the coming years."
According to data from Vahan Dashboard 19,48,957 EVs were sold between January and December 2024. Electric two-wheelers dominated the market with sales translating to 1.2 million units followed by the three-wheeler segment that sold 6,94,466 units. 
Meanwhile, the electric car segment continued to show steady progress with 99,848 units sold while the electric-bus sales experienced substantial growth increasing by 39% in CY2024, reaching 3,834 units. 
Ola Electric dominated the two-wheeler segment with a 35.42 percent market share followed by TVS (19.49 percent), Bajaj (16.58 percent), Ather (11.08 percent) and Hero (3.78 percent).
In the three-wheeler passenger segment, Mahindra Last Mile Mobility led with approximately 10 percent market share, while Bajaj Auto demonstrated exceptional growth. The three-wheeler cargo segment saw Mahindra LMM maintaining leadership with about 11 percent market share, while Bajaj Auto showed impressive growth to capture 4.7 percent market share. 
In the electric car segment, Tata Motors maintained dominance with roughly 62 percent market share, followed by MG Motor India at 22 percent, Mahindra & Mahindra (7 percent), BYD (2.85 percent), and PCA (2.19 percent), while in the electric bus segment, Tata Motors retained its leadership position with all major players showing significant sales growth.
2025 Outlook
Alluding to the sectoral outlook for 2025, Altigreen Propulsion Labs Chief Executive Officer Amitabh Sharan noted, “The electric vehicle industry in India stands at a transformative crossroads in 2025, with the market projected to reach USD 235 billion by 2030 at a remarkable CAGR of 49 percent. The sector will witness remarkable growth (especially in commercial vehicles) in 2025, driven by a combination of TCO benefits, technological advancements for better quality vehicles and driveability, and changing consumer perception towards EVs. However, the road to widespread EV adoption will need to overcome significant challenges viz-a-viz innovative vehicle financing, urban charging infrastructure, consistency in policy and regulatory framework, supply-chain localisation (for price parity with ICE) and very importantly skill development through industry-academia partnerships.”
Revfin Founder Sameer Aggarwal said, “2024 has been a defining year for India’s automotive sector, marked by accelerated adoption of electric vehicles, advancements in sustainability, and the integration of innovative technologies. Building on this momentum, 2025 is expected to be a year for EV adoption. With an intensified focus on developing robust EV charging infrastructure and scaling up battery-swapping networks, transitioning to electric mobility will become more seamless for consumers. Coupled with innovative financing models and targeted efforts to reach underserved markets, the industry is set to overcome accessibility barriers and make sustainable mobility a reality for all. Collaboration between automakers, policymakers, and technology providers will ensure a cohesive ecosystem, enabling India to lead the way in sustainable and inclusive mobility solutions.”
Godawari Electric Motors Director Hyder Ali Khan noted, “As we look ahead to 2025, we are excited about the robust expansion of our Eblu product portfolio, catering to the evolving needs of our customers. Additionally, we have some promising public and private orders in the pipeline, which will further accelerate our growth trajectory. We remain committed to driving innovation and sustainability in the EV sector and look forward to continued collaboration with our stakeholders to shape a cleaner and greener future for mobility.”
Zypp Electric Chief Executive Officer Akash Gupta revealed plans for 2025 along with the sector outlook and stated, “Looking ahead to 2025, Zypp Electric is committed to deploying 200,000 electric vehicles across the country in the next 12-18 months and we will double down on innovation, fleet expansion and partnerships to meet growing demand. We will focus on bolstering EV charging infrastructure, enhancing intelligent fleet management, and contributing to India's net-zero goals. Together, we aim to revolutionise last-mile logistics and make green mobility the norm for businesses and communities alike.”
On the components front, Automotive Component Manufacturers Association Director General Vinnie Mehta averred, “The Indian auto component industry is poised for robust double-digit growth in FY25, driven by strategic efforts to reduce import dependence and bolster exports. The electric vehicle component segment is witnessing remarkable year-on-year growth, propelled by the surging demand for sustainable mobility solutions. Key drivers include advancements in electric powertrains and battery systems, supported by increased investments in localization, R&D, and progressive government policies. These developments underscore the industry’s commitment to innovation, self-reliance, and establishing India as a prominent global manufacturing hub."
As India furthers its journey towards carbon neutrality within the mobility sector, EV adoption is slated to accelerate even in the luxury car segment. According to a news report citing Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations, the luxury EV market grew by 6.7 percent in 2024 despite decline in sales. 
BMW witnessed the highest sales followed by Mercedes Benz India, Volvo, Audi and Porsche. 

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The Grain Ethanol Manufacturers Association (GEMA), the apex body for India's ethanol production sector, has urged the government to accelerate the rollout of higher ethanol blends and fast-track the nationwide adoption of flex-fuel vehicles.

GEMA states this strategy is necessary to align India’s biofuel policy with global practices, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and support the country’s net-zero emissions goal by 2070.

Following the successful achievement of the 20 percent ethanol blending target set for 2025, the association believes India should now aim for higher blend levels, citing Brazil's model of progressive blending up to E27 (a 27 percent blend) and use of flex-fuel vehicles.

While acknowledging that a blend of 25 percent to 30 percent may not be possible immediately, GEMA stressed the possibility of increasing the blend up to the tolerance level of existing vehicles (potentially 1 percent or 2 percent over 20 percent).

Dr. CK Jain, President, Grain Ethanol Manufacturer’s Association, said, “There is an immediate need to enhance the blending up to the tolerance level of the existing vehicles to give some relief to the Grain Ethanol Industry. The roadmap for ethanol blending beyond 20 percent must be clear, ambitious and supported by a forward-looking policy framework.”

He further added that the industry has already invested to meet enhanced requirements but stressed that timely government policies and cohesive inter-ministerial coordination are essential to maintaining momentum.

GEMA emphasised that higher ethanol blends will not only significantly cut carbon emissions but also reduce India’s oil import bill, enhancing energy security. Furthermore, increased blending would boost the rural economy and employment by creating demand for agricultural feedstocks like sugarcane, maize and surplus rice.

The association urged faster collaboration between policymakers, the Department of Science and Technology, and automobile manufacturers to enable flex-fuel readiness.

Abhinav Singal, Treasurer, GEMA, added, “A cohesive approach involving relevant ministries and all stakeholders is essential to build a sustainable and economically viable biofuel ecosystem.”

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Toshiba has introduced a new SCiB 24V battery pack (P25H20-3), a lithium-ion solution designed for the automotive, marine and heavy equipment sectors. The battery is intended for seamless replacement of conventional lead-acid batteries.

The new product is already being used in the ‘e-Float Terrace,’ an electric boat from Yamaha Motor Co., which is scheduled to begin offering cruise experiences in Yokohama, Japan, this October.

The SCiB 24V battery pack, equipped with 20Ah-HP SCiB cells, is engineered to meet the D23 size specified for starter lead-acid batteries (JIS D 5301). This allows for direct replacement of existing 24V lead-acid units.

The pack can be deployed as a standalone unit or configured in series and parallel – up to 2 in series and 6 in parallel (48V, 5.76 kWh) – to meet power requirements. The battery’s capability to handle high-load operations makes it suitable for marine vessels, commercial vehicles (buses and trucks) and heavy equipment (construction and agricultural machinery).

Toshihiko Takaoka, Vice-President, Battery Division of Toshiba Corporation, said, “We engineer SCiB batteries for outstanding reliability in demanding environments. The 24V battery pack combines excellent low-temperature performance and vibration resistance with robust waterproofing certified to the IPX9K and IPX7 standards. Its exceptional long-life performance helps reduce maintenance requirements for electric boats. To extend these advantages to more partners, we will continue to pursue further orders across marine and other applications.”

The Japanese company shared that tis range of SCiB batteries are known for their high safety, long life, low-temperature performance, rapid charging capability and wide usable state-of-charge range.

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MoEVing, an electric mobility solutions firm, has partnered Tata Motors Commercial Vehicles dealers – Pascos, Johar Automobiles and Bhandari Automotive – to lease a fleet of 700 electric small commercial vehicles (e-SCVs). The fleet includes the Ace EV and Ace Pro EV.

The EVs will be used for last-mile deliveries in the e-commerce, logistics and fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sectors across more than 10 Indian cities, including Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Kolkata. This deployment is expected to lead to a carbon emission reduction of almost 2,000 tonnes per year.

The collaboration introduces a business model where the Tata Motors Commercial Vehicles dealers will own and maintain the fleet, while MoEVing will operate it. This arrangement is intended to unlock operational efficiencies and enable scalable mobility solutions.

The partnership will serve over 20 enterprise clients, aiming to cover an estimated 25 million green kilometres annually.

Vikash Mishra, Founder and CEO, MoEVing, said, “Our mission is to accelerate the adoption of green, zero-emission mobility across India’s logistics. We have had excellent experience working with Tata Motors and are looking forward to deploying these vehicles across various use cases and segments. Our innovative business model for operating them on lease will enable scalable, cost-effective deployment of electric vehicles, streamline fleet ownership and maintenance, and accelerate scalability. We look forward to breaking more milestones with the largest deployment of Tata Electric Commercial vehicles across the country”

Pinaki Haldar, Vice-President & Business Head – SCVPU, Tata Motors Commercial Vehicles, added, “Tata Motors is steadfast in its commitment to driving India’s transition to green, zero-emission mobility. This partnership between MoEVing and our leading dealer partners – Pascos, Johar, and Bhandari Automotive – marks a pivotal step in scaling sustainable last-mile logistics. The Ace EV & Ace Pro EV are engineered to deliver superior performance, uptime and reliability in real-world operating conditions. Additionally, with a versatile range of load deck configurations and payload capacities, these vehicles are designed to meet the diverse needs of customers across businesses. Our robust network of over 200 dedicated EV support centres across the country ensure maximum uptime and swift turnaround, backed by trusted service and deep technical expertise.”

With the addition of 700 e-SCVs, MoEVing’s fleet now includes over 2,500 electric vehicles.

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American electric vehicle major Tesla has reported record revenue and free cash flow for the Q3 CY2025, supported by high vehicle deliveries and energy storage deployments.

The electric vehicle maker posted total revenue of USD 28.1 billion, a 12 percent increase YoY. Free cash flow reached nearly USD 4 billion, which the company states is its highest.

Total vehicle deliveries reached 497,099 in the quarter, a 7 percent YoY growth. Deliveries of the Model 3 and Model Y rose by 9 percent to 481,166 units. Energy storage deployments were a record 12.5 gigawatt hours (GWh), up 81 percent YoY.

Gross Margin stood at 18 percent, a drop of 185 basis points from the previous year. Gross profit was USD 5.1 billion, up 1 percent.

Operating income fell 40 percent YoY to USD 1.6 billion, resulting in a 5.8 percent operating margin. This decline was due to increased operating expenses, which rose 50 percent YoY to USD 3.4 billion, alongside higher average vehicle costs and a shift in sales mix. Lower regulatory credit revenue also impacted profitability.

Net income attributable to common stockholders reached USD 1.4 billion, a 37 percent drop. Cash, cash equivalents and investments increased by USD 4.9 billion to USD 41.6 billion.

During the quarter, Tesla expanded its vehicle range, launching the Model 3 and Model Y Standard variants. The company also launched the Model Y Performance and the Model YL in China, a longer six-seat version.

In the energy sector, Tesla unveiled Megapack 3 and Megablock, its next-generation industrial storage products. Production for Megapack 3 is scheduled to begin at Megafactory Houston in 2026. The company also launched a new lease offer in the US for solar and Powerwall systems.

Tesla launched its ride-hailing service in the Bay Area using Robotaxi technology and began deploying version 14 of FSD (Supervised) in October. The Supercharger network expanded by over 3,500 stalls in the quarter, an 18 percent YoY growth and it launched its first v4 Supercharger cabinets.

“While we face near-term uncertainty from shifting trade, tariff and fiscal policy, we are focused on long-term growth and value creation. We are prudently making the necessary investments in our business, including future business lines, that we believe will drive incredible value for Tesla and the world across transport, energy and robotics,” the company said in a statement.

Tesla indicated that Cybercab, Tesla Semi and Megapack 3 remain on schedule for volume production starting in 2026. Production lines for Optimus, the humanoid robot, are being installed in anticipation of volume production. The lithium refinery in Texas is expected to begin production in Q4 2025.

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