The lithium-ion batteries are at the heart of the transition from fossil-fuelled vehicles towards cleaner alternate powertrain options, but fundamental supply chain changes are needed to eliminate widespread forced labour and child labour abuses.

A recent research by AI supply chain risk platform Infyos has identified that companies accounting for 75 percent of the global battery market have connections to one or more companies in the supply chain facing allegations of severe human rights abuses. Most major battery manufacturers and end batteries applications are exposed including many of the world’s largest automotive, energy storage and electronics brands.

This new industry data is compiled from evidence on Infyos’ AI supply chain risk platform using thousands of government datasets, NGO reports, news articles and social media sources. 

Infyos’ AI technology is developed specifically for the battery industry to automate the gathering, cleansing and classification of unstructured data to identify and assign confidence ratings to allegations of human rights abuses with accuracy and speed that previously was not possible.

The AI-driven platform claims it is working with some of the world’s largest renewable energy and automotive companies to combine open-source data with additional proprietary data sources to identify which companies a customer may be connected to across the supply chain and where there is exposure to or allegations of human rights abuses.

Tony To, Co-founder & CTO, Infyos said: “Our platform is designed to provide users with insights into the complexities of the battery supply chain so they can take proactive measures to identify and mitigate risks. By leveraging AI in our technology we’ve created a system that delivers accurate data despite the complexity of the battery industry and most importantly provides users with simple actionable mitigations to collaborate with their suppliers to address risks and improve the sustainability of the industry.”
The report finds that widespread human rights abuses identified range from people being forced to work in lithium refining facilities under the threat of no or minimal pay to five-year-old children mining cobalt materials out of the ground in hazardous conditions. Severe human rights incidents are occurring globally, especially in resource-rich countries with fragile and corrupt governments like the Democratic Republic of Congo and Madagascar.

However, most of the allegations of severe human rights abuses involve companies who are mining and refining raw materials in China that end up in batteries around the world, particularly in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in northwest China where the battery, automotive and solar industry has already been hit with public allegations of widespread forced labour from journalists, government agencies and non-profit organisations.

Complex supply chain

Electric vehicle and battery manufacturers have a complex supply chain, sometimes with over 10,000 suppliers across their network, from mines to chemical refineries and automotive manufacturers. Human rights abuses frequently occur upstream in the supply chain, notably at the raw material mining and refining stages, making it difficult for companies purchasing batteries to identify their supply chain risks.

The battery industry’s connections to these incidents stem from manufacturers sourcing components or materials from unethical companies in their supply chain network or entering business relationships, including joint ventures or equity investments hidden in complex and changing ownership structures, which conceals the reality of the unethical connections.

Sarah Montgomery, CEO & Co-Founder, Infyos added, “The relative opaqueness of battery supply chains and the complexity of supply chain legal requirements means current approaches like ESG audits are out of date and don’t comply with new regulations. Most battery manufacturers and their customers, including automotive companies and grid-scale battery energy storage developers, still don’t have complete supply chain oversight.”
It is important to understand that sourcing is coming under growing scrutiny, particularly in Europe and the US, where failure to address the issues means companies could be in breach of current and future regulations. 

This is damaging the battery industry’s clean credentials and hampering investment into the global battery market forecast to be worth nearly $500 billion (INR 41,655 billion) in 2030. With more legislation such as the EU Battery Regulation and the US’s Uyghur Forced Labour Prevention Act (UFLPA) being phased in, action must be taken now so companies can still sell their products.

Jeff Williamson, Head of Sustainability, Infyos said: “Companies manufacturing or purchasing batteries are at risk of having their products blocked at the market, further delaying and increasing the costs of renewable energy projects or tarnishing their reputation because of human rights risks.”

The UFLPA prohibits the import of goods made with forced labour in the Xinjiang region of China. The penalties for non-compliance can be extreme: earlier this year inspectors blocked vehicles they found to violate the regulations. The US Senate Finance Committee Chair has accused automotive manufacturers of ‘sticking their heads in the sand’ over forced labour in their supply chains and a subsequent report recommended that the Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection take further measures to strength enforcement of the forced labour ban in automotive supply chains, including placing CATL – the world’s largest battery cell manufacturer – on a list of companies banned due to their connection to forced labour. Europe is following suit with its forced labour ban while a proposal has been submitted to increase the fines for non-compliance with the UK’s Modern Slavery Act to 4 percent of global annual turnover.

Sarah Montgomery, CEO & Co-Founder, Infyos said: “We have already seen how forced labour incidents in supply chains for the solar industry have blocked the largest solar suppliers from the US market and slowed down the transition to clean energy: as the battery industry faces the paradigm shift to electrification, the lessons learnt in solar must be applied to the battery industry if the energy transition is to stay on track.”

Battery-specific regulations within Europe are becoming more stringent too. New EU Battery Regulations coming into effect between 2024 and 2036 require much more rigorous supply chain visibility and risk management starting in 2025 with non-compliance leading to products being blocked from the European market. These pressing supply chain requirements, which many in the industry are struggling to comply with, are foundational to the much-talked-about battery passports in 2027. The UFLPA and EU Battery Regulation are widely seen as the battery industry gold standard due to their strict requirements on due diligence and supply chain visibility, and many companies operating outside of the regions are voluntarily aiming to meet their requirements.

By addressing issues within their supply chain, companies not only continue to have a licence to operate and avoid costly fines but can also actively grow their business: Research from PwC found that 89 percent of institutional investors are considering or have already rejected investments in firms with ESG shortcomings. Additional human rights pressure is coming from investors, who are now mandating deeper supply chain risk management and visibility as a condition of lending or investment to minimise their own financial risk. While financial and regulatory pressures are increasing awareness of human rights abuses in battery supply chains, more industry action to address human rights abuses is needed to drive battery applications forward and ensure 2050 net-zero emissions targets don’t face total failure.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Tata Power and Tata Passenger Electric Mobility have expanded their co-branded charging network across four states, with 10 charging hubs logging over 70,000 charging sessions and 85,000 charging hours.

The infrastructure has delivered 2.7 megawatts of total power capacity, supporting over 7.5 million electric kilometres and offsetting 6,690 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions.

The network spans Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, operating 25 fast chargers and 56 charging guns with hub capacities ranging between 180 kilowatts and 600 kilowatts. The locations include four sites along the Yamuna Expressway between Greater Noida and Agra, three stations along the Hyderabad–Vijayawada corridor, one location on the Bengaluru–Tirupati route and one hub along the Pune–Bengaluru highway. Additional hubs operate within urban zones in Mumbai and Hyderabad.

The facility at The Leela near Mumbai Airport serves as the flagship site, providing 600 kilowatts of capacity across 16 charging guns, comprising six 60-kilowatt and two 120-kilowatt units. The location supports private vehicles, commercial taxis and fleet operations near transit corridors.

The installations form part of Tata Power's total footprint, which includes over 6,700 public and captive charging points, 250,000 home chargers and 1,200 bus chargers across 690 cities. The company aims to operate 10,000 public charging points and 750,000 home chargers by 2030, with hub management integrated into the Tata Power EZ Charge application.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

HERE Technologies and SBD Automotive have published the India edition of the HERE-SBD EV Index 2026, which tracks electric vehicle readiness and charging infrastructure deployment across 34 Indian states and union territories. The report indicates growing consumer interest alongside an expansion of public charging networks.

The report finds that Telangana secured the top rank in the 2026 study, rising from 25th position in the previous edition due to infrastructure additions and updated vehicle fleet data. Andhra Pradesh advanced from 13th to second place, while Chandigarh ranked third, followed by Haryana and Rajasthan tied in fourth position.

Delhi dropped from fourth place in 2025 to 17th position, as infrastructure additions and vehicle adoption rates lagged behind other regions.

Interestingly, India added more than 31,500 public charging points over the past year, increasing total public charging capacity by 1.65 gigawatts. The average public charger power increased from 32 kilowatts to 45 kilowatts across the network.

A companion survey of drivers in India revealed that 87 percent of respondents are more likely to consider purchasing an electric vehicle than a year ago, with 46 percent citing fuel costs as a primary factor. However, operational challenges persist, with 77 percent of current electric vehicle owners reporting encounters with non-functional charging points and 46 percent citing charger availability as a primary barrier to adoption.

Abhijit Sengupta, General Manager for India and Southeast Asia, HERE Technologies, said, "India's EV ecosystem is evolving rapidly. Consumer confidence continues to grow, charging infrastructure deployment is accelerating and several states are demonstrating strong progress in building the foundations for electric mobility. More than 31,500 chargers were added in the past year alone, underscoring the momentum across the industry. As adoption accelerates, the focus must increasingly shift from simply expanding infrastructure to ensuring drivers can confidently discover, access and use charging infrastructure whenever they need it."

Robert Fisher, Senior Consulting Manager, SBD Automotive, said, "India continues to stand out as one of the most optimistic EV markets globally. The rapid growth in charging infrastructure is encouraging, but consumer feedback shows that reliability remains a key challenge. The next stage of market maturity will require balancing infrastructure scale with infrastructure quality, ensuring the charging experience keeps pace with the growing number of EVs on the road."

The index ranks regions out of a maximum score of 100 based on four criteria: charger density per road length, average charger power capacity, vehicle fleet share, and the ratio of registered electric vehicles to public charging points.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Mumbai-headquartered electric vehicle company Bgauss, part of RR Global, has launched the C12 MaxR, an electric scooter which comes with a certified range of 178km and a top speed above 75kmph. The launch is part of the company’s plan to make further inroads into India's competitive two-wheeler market.

Underpinning the new model is what Bgauss calls its WSA platform, an architecture built to take different combinations of motor, battery and wheel size rather than being locked to one configuration. The company says the platform, made from high-tensile micro-alloy steel and assembled through robotic manufacturing, is rated for up to 150,000km of use — a figure aimed squarely at buyers who use their scooters for daily commuting rather than occasional trips.

The C12 MaxR draws power from a 3.8kWh lithium iron phosphate battery, rated IP67 for water and dust resistance and enclosed in aluminium to help manage heat. Bgauss says the pack's battery management system tracks 110 separate safety and performance parameters, feeding into the certified 178km range.

Drive comes from HyperZen, a newly developed in-wheel motor that produces 4.2kW of peak power. Unlike a conventional setup, the motor houses its own gear transmission, braking hardware and control unit together, which Bgauss says does away with a belt or chain and cuts down on wiring.

Riders get a choice of Eco, Ride and Sport modes, plus reverse gear, cruise control and regenerative braking. Bgauss rates the scooter's hill-climbing ability at 18 degrees, give or take two degrees either way.

"Over the last six years, we have been focused on building electric mobility around the Indian consumer, and the C12 MaxR brings that philosophy together in one product," said Hemant Kabra, founder of Bgauss. "We wanted to create a scooter that delivers on the fundamentals of range, performance and reliability, but also recognises that today's consumer expects much more from their vehicle. Space, design, lighting, technology and pride of ownership are equally important. The C12 MaxR is our expression of what a complete electric scooter should be. It is engineered for everyday India, while designed to make every ride feel special."

Storage was clearly a design priority. Under the seat is room for two helmets, while riders also get a pop-out umbrella holder, a lockable compartment for documents and a wallet, wireless phone charging, a bottle holder and a spot for a cleaning cloth. There is additional space on the floorboard for a medium-sized bag or piece of luggage.

Visually, the scooter is built around a front light unit Bgauss calls the Krystal Lamp, paired with full LED lighting at the tail and indicators, and a quilted seat the company has branded Seat of Pride.

A 5-inch TFT screen handles turn-by-turn navigation, call alerts, ride and charging data, user profiles and document storage, with a choice of display themes. Other functions include a distance-to-empty readout, a fall-detection feature called FallSense, automatic motor cut-off when the side- or main-stand is down, service reminders, a mode-memory setting and home-location guidance. A companion app adds parental controls, a security lock, adjustable speed limits, firmware updates, vehicle health checks, an SOS alert and DigiLocker access.

Mechanically, the C12 MaxR runs on 12-inch alloy wheels with tubeless tyres, stopped by a 220mm front disc and a combined braking system at the rear. Suspension is handled by a hydraulic telescopic front fork and a five-step adjustable Nitrox gas-emulsion rear unit, with 160mm of ground clearance and a payload rating of 150kg.

The scooter goes on sale in four colourways — Sparkling Wine with Champagne Gold, Terra Green with Champagne Gold, Pearl White and Satin Black — through Bgauss's dealer network across India.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Hindustan Zinc has signed a 6-year transportation contract with MFL India for the deployment of 30 electric trucks to transport concentrate, expanding the electrification of its industrial logistics network in Rajasthan. The agreement includes an option to extend the term by an additional two years.

As per the contract, the electric trucks will replace diesel vehicles used for moving zinc and lead concentrate from the Rampura Agucha underground mining site to the company's smelting facilities. MFL India will establish and operate dedicated EV charging infrastructure along the transit route to support fleet operations and maintain transport schedules. The agreement incorporates a phased transition plan to integrate local drivers into the electric fleet operations.

Amarendu Prakash, CEO and Whole-time Director, Hindustan Zinc, said, "The future of mining will be defined not only by the metals we produce, but by how responsibly and efficiently we produce and move them. The contract for deployment of EV trucks for concentrate transportation is yet another step towards that future, demonstrating how industrial decarbonisation can strengthen competitiveness while creating an ecosystem in which our partners and communities grow with us."

Anil Thukral, Chairman and MD, MFL India, said, "We are proud to partner with Hindustan Zinc in advancing the transition to cleaner industrial logistics. This deployment demonstrates how electric mobility can be effectively integrated into large-scale transportation networks, supported by the right charging infrastructure and operational planning. Together, we are building a scalable model for sustainable logistics that delivers both environmental benefits and long-term operational value."

In FY2026, Hindustan Zinc added 42 electric vehicles to its operational fleet, bringing its alternative-fuel logistics inventory to 232 vehicles, comprising 52 electric vehicles and 180 LNG-powered vehicles.

The company previously introduced battery electric vehicles for underground operations at its Sindesar Khurd Mine in Rajpura Dariba. The fleet conversion forms part of Hindustan Zinc's target to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, alongside increasing its renewable power consumption share to nearly 22 per cent.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!