The road to decarbonisation for the commercial vehicle sector is proving to be a complex and challenging journey, with experts highlighting that a straightforward ‘combustion engine ban’ for lorries and other commercial vehicles is far more difficult to implement than for passenger cars.

Following the European Union’s strict CO2 fleet regulations for passenger vehicles, which effectively introduce a ban on combustion engines, stringent greenhouse gas limits are also being rolled out for commercial vehicles.

Experts at the International Vienna Motor Symposium stressed that the industry is racing to develop a wide array of solutions to match the huge diversity of vehicles on the road – from long-distance trucks and small delivery vans to construction and agricultural machinery.

Prof. Bernhard Geringer, Chairman of the International Vienna Motor Symposium, noted that the entire commercial vehicle industry is working on a wide range of solutions needed to match the diversity of vehicle types on the road in view of the developments expected in 2026.

The legislative pressure is intense. Tobias Stoll, a project manager at the Research Institute for Automotive Engineering and Vehicle Engines Stuttgart (FKFS), pointed out that EU legislation stipulates ‘a 45 percent reduction in CO2 emissions by 2030 compared to 2019,’ with manufacturers facing heavy financial penalties for non-compliance.

This has set the industry's course, with Frederik Zohm (pictured above), Chief Technology Officer at MAN Trucks & Bus, expecting ‘major transformations in the commercial vehicle sector by 2030.’

Egon Christ, Chief Strategist at transport and logistics service provider Mosolf, commented: ‘The course has been set.’

However, the existing transport model, especially for long-haul journeys, is heavily reliant on fossil fuels. A typical diesel lorry has a service life of 1.5 million kilometres, often covering up to 200,000 kilometres annually.

Ten years ago, EU forecasts anticipated a dominant role for hydrogen and a minor one for battery-electric trucks. The reality has turned out to be ‘exactly the opposite,’ according to Nils-Erik Meyer, a division manager at Akkodis Germany.

Today, there are only around 10 fuel-cell truck models in the EU, compared to over 40 battery-electric models.

While battery-electric vehicles are currently the most technologically advanced, their widespread use hinges on a massive overhaul of charging infrastructure.

Oliver Hrazdera, site manager at Akkodis Austria, calculated: “For trucks with an electric range of 500 kilometres, the EU needs 2,000 charging points with 650 or 1,000 kilowatts of charging power.”

Batteries, payload and hydrogen’s setbacks

Freight companies prioritise fast turnarounds, which necessitates rapid charging. Dorothea Liebig, a manager at Shell Global Solutions Germany, explained that the maximum charging capacity for trucks ‘is up to eight times higher than for cars.’ She also highlighted the alternative of battery swapping, particularly prevalent in China, where it is ‘fully automated and takes just seven minutes’ at the over 1,200 existing battery replacement stations for trucks.

For many journeys, electric trucks are already viable. Meyer from Akkodis calculated that with a mandatory driver break and recharging, a truck could cover ‘around 630 kilometres are possible in one shift. This covers 90 percent of all journeys.’

However, a key disadvantage of battery-electric lorries is the impact on payload, which is reduced by ‘three to six tonnes for the drive system, mainly due to the batteries,’ according to Meyer. By contrast, hydrogen fuel cells only reduce the payload by one tonne.

Despite this advantage, enthusiasm for fuel cells has cooled in Europe. Markus Heyn, Managing Director of Robert Bosch and Chairman of Bosch Mobility, reported that in Europe and the US, a major hurdle has been the substantial cooling requirements for fuel cells, which need ‘two to two and a half times more cooling surface area than diesel trucks,’.

According to Rolf Dobereiner, product line manager at AVL List. This increased requirement consumes up to 40 kilowatts, reducing driving performance and creating challenges for achieving the high-power outputs needed for heavy-duty haulage.

An unexpected dark horse has emerged: the hydrogen combustion engine. This technology offers compelling benefits, as it doesn't require the costly, high-purity hydrogen needed for fuel cells.

Christian Barba, Senior Manager at Daimler Truck, noted that it saves costs ‘as 80 percent of the parts of a diesel engine can be reused.’

Moreover, Anton Arnberger, Senior Product Manager at AVL List, reported that it ‘is the only zero-emission technology that does not require the use of rare earths.’

The hydrogen engine ‘could achieve the torque and power of a gas or diesel engine,’ said Lei Liu, a manager at Cummins in Beijing. Cummins is testing these vehicles in India, where they are seen as a main pillar for transport decarbonisation, given the lack of a comprehensive power grid required for electric trucks.

Developers are also looking at alternatives to gaseous hydrogen. The trend in Europe is moving towards liquid hydrogen, which allows for longer ranges and is cheaper to store.

Furthermore, Yuan Shen, Chief Developer at Zhejiang Geely Holding in China, proposed methanol as ‘the best carrier of hydrogen,’ as it is a liquid fuel that is easy and safer to store and transport.

Shipping, special vehicles and hybridisation

Decarbonisation is equally challenging on the high seas. Andreas Wimmer, a professor at Graz University of Technology, reported that engines for the 100,000 ocean-going vessels in service today have a life span of over 25 years and cost hundreds of millions of euros.

By 2050, these giants must also be CO2-free. While the combustion engine will remain, fossil heavy fuel oil must be replaced by ammonia (considered an ‘up-and-comer’), methanol or limited-quantity biofuel.

The special vehicle sector – such as construction and agricultural machinery – presents one of the toughest challenges. Stefan Loser, department head at MAN Truck & Bus, noted that a forage harvester would need ‘36 tonnes of batteries to run purely on electricity,’ which is impractical. For such machines, which are used intensively for short periods, hydrogen fuel cells or combustion engines running on synthetic fuels will be essential.

Finally, in the USA, where the decarbonisation of transport is ‘less aggressive than in Europe,’ according to Chris Bitsis, head of development at the Southwest Research Institute, hybridisation (the combination of combustion engines and electric drives) is seen as a key strategy to maintain everyday usability while significantly reducing consumption and emissions.

Summing up the current situation, Prof. Bernhard Geringer concluded that battery-electric drives in commercial vehicles are currently only realistic for distances of up to 500 km and with sufficient fast-charging options. He stressed that the special vehicle sector is particularly difficult, which is where ‘hydrogen fuel cell drives or combustion engines with synthetic fuels come into play.’

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Wipro 3D to create a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for additive manufacturing. The facility will be located at the Toyota Technical Training Institute (TTTI) in Bidadi, Bengaluru. The partnership is intended to facilitate skill development and the integration of 3D printing technologies into production environments.

The centre will provide students with exposure to industrial applications of additive manufacturing, including rapid prototyping and the development of production aids. Wipro 3D will provide technical expertise and training modules covering internships, apprenticeships and workshops. The curriculum will also incorporate digital manufacturing and resource optimisation as part of an emphasis on Industry 4.0 technologies.

By leveraging these manufacturing capabilities, the initiative aims to reduce lead times and improve assembly line efficiency. The TTTI, which focuses on vocational education in trades such as mechatronics and welding, doubled its intake to 2,400 students in 2023. This collaboration aligns with the institution's objective to build technical talent for the automotive sector.

G Shankara, Chief Strategy Officer, Toyota Kirloskar Motor, said, "Our Human Resource Development philosophy at TKM follows core principles of Toyota such as, Continue the Quest for Improvement, Show Respect for People, under which we thrive hard to develop individuals in the Latest Technology of the New Age Era of automotive field. We are also committed to nurturing skilled talent and strengthening India’s manufacturing ecosystem. This collaboration will play an imperative role in nurturing future-ready talent, while contributing meaningfully to the Government’s Skill India Mission.”

Yathiraj Kasal, Business Head and General Manager, Wipro 3D, added, “This association reflects our commitment to strengthening India’s manufacturing ecosystem through capability building and innovation, while creating industry-relevant learning experiences.”

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

TomTom has introduced Unified Speed Restrictions, a new service providing updated speed limit data for global regulatory compliance and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). The service is designed to help vehicle manufacturers exceed the minimum requirements of Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) regulations.

The service integrates multiple static and live data sources into a single output. By combining various inputs, the system provides continuous updates to vehicle software to ensure speed limit identification remains accurate across different driving environments.

Data sources utilised include:

• Unsigned speed limits: Based on regional road classifications.
• Roadside sign recognition: Camera-based detection of physical signs.
• Probe data: Aggregated information from connected vehicles.
• Variable speed limits: Real-time data from electronic overhead gantries.

Beyond safety compliance, the service supports automated driving functions by providing data for predictive path planning and smoother vehicle manoeuvres.

The solution is available as an API or pre-integrated within the TomTom ADAS SDK. The SDK is modular, allowing manufacturers and Tier 1 suppliers to incorporate the data into existing software stacks without vendor lock-in. This architecture is intended to reduce development costs and accelerate the deployment of predictive assistance features.

Manuela Locarno Ajayi, SVP of Product Engineering, TomTom, said, “Accurate and trusted speed information is foundational to road safety, regulatory compliance and automated driving at scale. With Unified Speed Restrictions, we are equipping automakers with a globally consistent, future‑ready foundation that reduces complexity, enabling higher levels of automation.”

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

Detroit Engineered Products (DEP) has introduced DEP AIWorks, an engineering platform designed to integrate machine learning with physics-based simulation. The launch follows the conclusion of a five-city industry conclave held across Bengaluru, Delhi NCR, Hyderabad, Pune and Chennai.

DEP AIWorks is built as a physics-agnostic and tool-agnostic environment, allowing it to function across various datasets and engineering domains. The platform combines neural networks and physics-informed models with computer-aided engineering (CAE) solvers to provide predictive and generative capabilities within the product development lifecycle.

Core features of the platform include modular architecture, operational speed and ecosystem compatibility.

The platform is intended for use in the automotive, aerospace, energy, manufacturing and telecommunications sectors. It supports various stages of development, from early design exploration to manufacturing validation. By utilising data-driven learning alongside physics-based validation, the system aims to improve engineering productivity and accelerate decision-making cycles.

Radha Krishnan, President & Founder, DEP, said, “DEP AIWorks reflects the next step in how engineering organisations will adopt AI, not as a standalone tool, but as an integrated part of the product development lifecycle. By combining decades of simulation expertise with advances in AI, we are enabling teams to move faster while maintaining engineering rigor and reliability.”

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!

German tier 1 supplier ZF has introduced SolarBoost, a retrofittable solar panel system designed to support the 24-volt on-board electrical systems of city buses and coaches. The technology generates electricity during vehicle operation to recharge batteries, intended to reduce fuel consumption and maintenance requirements for fleet operators.

The system reduces the load on the drive engine by providing an alternative power source for on-board systems, which are traditionally supplied by the alternator. According to ZF, the additional energy can reduce fuel consumption by up to 3.5 percent, depending on weather conditions and application profiles.

The company states that key benefits for operators include battery longevity, as continuous recharging extends battery life. ZF reports potential savings equivalent to one battery per vehicle per year.

Furthermore, it enhances uptime by reduced requirement for stationary battery recharges and lower maintenance frequency. The system includes Bluetooth connectivity, allowing operators to track energy generation in real-time via a mobile application.

SolarBoost utilises a plug-and-play architecture designed for installation in an operator's own workshop using standard tools. The process does not require drilling into the vehicle structure or extensive rewiring, allowing for fleet-wide scaling with minimal disruption to service.

The hardware is engineered to withstand vibrations and weather conditions associated with heavy-duty transit. ZF provides a 5-year warranty and repair kits to support the long-term durability of the flexible panels.

The product is positioned as a scalable solution for bus operators to meet environmental targets. By utilizing renewable energy for electrical loads, the system assists in reducing the carbon footprint of intercity and urban transport fleets. It aligns with ZF’s broader strategy to deliver innovations that improve vehicle efficiency while supporting climate-friendly mobility.

Comments (0)

ADD COMMENT

Link Copied!